A carbon steel orifice flange differs from a threaded flange in its function and design. An
orifice flange is specifically used to measure the flow rate of a medium in a pipeline, often
for the purpose of flow restriction or measurement. It is designed with a hole in the center
of the flange. When the medium (such as gas or liquid) flows through the pipe and reaches
the orifice flange, it is forced to pass through this small hole, which causes a restriction in
the flow.

The maximum point of convergence in the flow occurs just downstream of the orifice, at
the vena contracta. This is where the fluid velocity is highest, and the pressure is lowest. As
the medium passes through this narrowed section, changes in velocity and pressure occur,
which can be measured to determine the flow rate. These measurements are typically
displayed on orifice meters, allowing for direct readings of the flow rate.

Orifice flanges are commonly used in flow measurement applications because they provide
an effective means of determining flow rate based on the relationship betwee